contoh makalah b.inggris tentang paud(pendidikan anak usia dini)

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1      Background

Early childhood is the period of the gold (golden age) for the development of the child to acquire the educational process. This period is a valuable years for a child to recognize a wide range of facts on the environment as a stimulus to the development of personality, psychomotor, cognitive and social development.

For that to early childhood education through the provision of stimuli (stimulation) of the nearest environment indispensable to optimize the ability of the child.

1.2           1.2               Problem Formulation

    What is an early childhood education

    Purpose of organized early childhood education

    What matters is to be understood early childhood

    How the role of parents of early childhood education

1.3     Purpose

      Train students to be able to develop skills.

      Train the student in direct or indirect experience in Inform the public about early childhood education (PAUD)

      Students know the importance of early childhood education(PAUD)

                                                        

CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

2.1      Early Childhood Education (PAUD)

Early childhood education (PAUD) is a development effort aimed at children from birth to age six years through the provision of educational stimulus to promote the growth and physical and mental readiness of the child to have to enter further education. Early childhood education from birth through baligh (if female is marked menstrual whereas men had a dream to release semen) is the sole responsibility of parents.

     There are two objectives held early childhood education are:
The ultimate goal: to establish the quality of Indonesian children, the children grow and develop in accordance with the level of development that has an optimal readiness in entering primary education and living life in adulthood.

     The purpose of comorbidities: to help prepare the child to achieve learning readiness (academic) at the school.

Range of early childhood, according to Article 28 paragraph 1 of the National Education Law No.20/2003 is 0-6 years. Meanwhile, according to the scientific study of early childhood and family operate in some countries, early childhood implemented since the age of 0-8 years.

Things that must be understood in the Early Childhood characteristics are as follows:

1.      Know the things needed by the child, which is beneficial for the development of life.

2.      Knowing the child's developmental tasks, so as to provide stimulation to the child, in order to properly carry out the development.

3.      Knowing how to guide children's learning process at the right time according to his needs.

4.      Have high expectations and demands on the child realistically.

5.      Able to develop optimal potential of the child in accordance with the circumstances and abilities.

2.2   Child Development

Judging from developmental psychology, ages 6-8 years are still in the age range 0-8 years. That means education provided in the family and in formal educational institutions should be thick with the feel of early childhood education, with emphasis on the concept of learning through play.

According to Piaget's cognitive developmental stage of child development is divided into 4 stages as follows:

      Sensory Motor (ages 0-2 years)
In this stage of development of the senses is very influential in the child.
Greatest desire is the desire to touch / hold, driven by a desire to know the reaction of his actions.
In this age they do not understand the motivation and the biggest weapon is the 'cry'.
Tell the story / message of the gospel to children this age can not just using the image as props, but must be with something that moves (puppet shows will be very helpful).

     
Pre-operational (ages 2-7 years)
At this age children are 'egocentric', so impressive 'stingy', because he could not see from the perspective of others. The child also has a tendency to imitate those around him. Although at the age of 6-7 years they have started to understand the motivation, but they do not understand in a systematic way of thinking - elaborate.
In presenting the story should be no props.

      Concrete operations (ages 7-11 years)
When these children begin to leave the 'egosentris' it and can play in the group with the rules of group (working together). Child can be motivated and understand the things systematically.

      Formal Operations (age 11 years and over)
Teaching in pre-adolescent children is becoming a little easier, because they already understand the concept and be able to think, both concrete and abstract, so no need to use props.

Generally in a child's emotional development, there are four key emotions in children, namely:

1.      Feelings of Anger
These feelings will arise when children sometimes feel uncomfortable with the environment or something is bothering him. Anger will be released when the child feels tired or in pain. Likewise when his will is not obeyed by his parents, sometimes occur in the child's anger .

2.      Feelings of Fear
This feeling of fear in the child since baby. When the baby would merekatakut sounds noisy or seized. When stepping on the children, their fears appear when the surroundings are dark. They had started to fantasize with the existence of ghosts, monsters and creepy creatures of the other.

3.      Feelings of Joy
Feelings of joy, of course, arises when the child feel good about something. For example, when anakdiberi hadiaholeh parents, when children follow a champion in the race, or when a child can do what they're told their parents. Many things can make children feel happy.

4.      Sense of Humor
Laughter is a very universal. More children compared to adults laugh. Children would laugh when I saw something funny.

2.3      The Role of Family

            Family is the first institution to conduct education and guidance to children (generation). There the first time the basics of the child's personality is built. Children are guided how he knew the Creator that he only served one day to the Creator Allah SWT. Similarly, the teaching of behavior and moral attitudes of children who come from everyday life when hanging out with their parents. How he was taught to choose good sentences, politeness, affection towards you and others. They are taught to choose the right way when the ends meet and choose items that will be their lawful use. In conclusion, the potential to form the basis of qualified generation prepared by the family.

Families in this case is a crucial actor on the future development of the child. Of the family has been started since the development of education is still in the womb. Unborn child is already able to capture and respond to anything done by his parents, especially mothers.

2.4   Fostering Intelligence in Early Childhood

A newborn child, he was still in a weakened state, instincts and physical function and psychological yet fully developed. But for sure the child will gradually continue to learn the new environment and the tool senses, be it through hearing, sight, smell, touch mapun tasting. Children likely to evolve and adapt to their social environment. Even children can be increased at the highest level of development at the age of maturity so that he could appear as a pioneer in controlling the nature around.

This is because the child has the potential existing in him.
This child needs to grow up to be a smart is the educational efforts sepertiu creation of a conducive learning environment, motivating children to learn and the guidance and direction toward the optimal development. That way children develop intelligence that is to actualize the potential that exists in the child.

2.5      Characteristics of Study Children

According to the actual concept of early childhood, children should be conditioned in an atmosphere of active learning, creative, and fun through various games. Thus, the need for security and comfort remain unfulfilled. Even if the early grades of elementary school students to teach math concepts, for example, choose a means of learning through song or other means that is easy to understand and fun.

CHAPTER III

CLOSING

CONCLUSION

A newborn child, he was still in a weakened state, instincts and physical function and psychological yet fully developed. This child needs to grow up to be a smart is the educational efforts sepertiu creation of a conducive learning environment, motivating children to learn, and the guidance and direction toward the optimal development. That way children develop intelligence that is to actualize the potential that exists in the child.

Early childhood is a golden period which is a critical period for children, where the growth obtained in this period are very influential on the development of the next period to adulthood. While the gold comes only once, so if missed means finished his chances. For that to early childhood education through the provision of stimuli (stimulation) of the nearest environment indispensable to optimize the ability of the child.

Early childhood education is one form of education that focuses on laying the foundation to the growth and physical development (fine and gross motor coordination), intellect (the intellect, creativity, emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence), socio-emotional (attitude and behavior as well as religious) language and communication, according to the uniqueness and the developmental stages through which early childhood.

Judging from developmental psychology, ages 6-8 years are still in the age range 0-8 years. That means education provided in the family and in formal educational institutions should be thick with the feel of early childhood education, with emphasis on the concept of learning through play.